海綿城市雨水收集系統

1、雨水收集(ji)利用(yong)在城市建設(she)方(fang)面的意義

城(cheng)市(shi)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)收集利(li)用(yong)在國外的(de)(de)發達(da)城(cheng)市(shi)已有(you)幾十年的(de)(de)歷史。其經驗和方法，對(dui)(dui)我(wo)國城(cheng)市(shi)特別是對(dui)(dui)一些嚴重缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)很(hen)有(you)借鑒意義。城(cheng)市(shi)中大面積的(de)(de)硬(ying)質不透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)表(biao)面導致(zhi)了城(cheng)市(shi)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)大量(liang)排放(fang)、地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)位降低等一系列(lie)問題，而城(cheng)市(shi)中屋面的(de)(de)面積占去了整個城(cheng)市(shi)硬(ying)質表(biao)面的(de)(de)30%左右，采用(yong)種植屋面可以吸收匯(hui)集部(bu)分雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)，增加城(cheng)市(shi)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)回收利(li)用(yong)，減緩雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)排放(fang)，改(gai)善城(cheng)市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境。

城市(shi)建(jian)設(she)導致自(zi)然植被和土(tu)壤等覆蓋的(de)自(zi)然地表(biao)不斷遭到破壞，自(zi)然地表(biao)被建(jian)筑(zhu)、道路、停(ting)車場等人(ren)工(gong)構筑(zhu)物所替代。長期以來，在這些人(ren)工(gong)構筑(zhu)物的(de)建(jian)設(she)中一(yi)直采用不透(tou)水(shui)面(mian)層的(de)處理，使得(de)降落在其表(biao)面(mian)的(de)雨(yu)水(shui)通(tong)過排水(shui)裝置迅速(su)排入城市(shi)雨(yu)水(shui)管網。

城市雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收集利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方式(shi)主要包括屋面(mian)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，屋頂綠化雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、園區(qu)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)回灌地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四種。由于天然雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)具有硬度低，污染物(wu)少等優點，因此它在減少城市雨(yu)洪(hong)危害，開拓(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源方面(mian)正日益(yi)成(cheng)為重要主題。對于大型(xing)公用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑、居住區(qu)、建(jian)筑群(qun)體(ti)等屋面(mian)及地面(mian)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，經收集和(he)一定處(chu)理后(hou)，除用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于澆灌農作物(wu)、補充地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)，還可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于景觀(guan)環境、綠化、洗(xi)車場用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、道路沖(chong)洗(xi)、冷卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)補充、沖(chong)廁及一些其它非(fei)生活用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。

2. 雨(yu)水(shui)收(shou)集利用在農(nong)業發展方(fang)面的意義

我國降水(shui)(shui)分布呈現出時間和(he)(he)空間的不均勻性(xing)，季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)的干旱缺水(shui)(shui)問(wen)題十分突出，這種降水(shui)(shui)的不均勻性(xing)在很(hen)大程度上(shang)影響了農業生產和(he)(he)城市用水(shui)(shui)。

雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)集(ji)蓄利用(yong)的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)模式(shi)與技(ji)術方(fang)法(fa)也呈(cheng)現靈活多樣的特點。集(ji)流面(mian)(mian)形(xing)式(shi)有(you)(you)自(zi)然坡(po)面(mian)(mian)、路面(mian)(mian)、人工(gong)(gong)集(ji)雨場(碾壓場、薄膜、混凝(ning)土(tu)等(deng))，其中西南(nan)地(di)區(qu)主要依靠天然集(ji)流，北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)采用(yong)人工(gong)(gong)集(ji)流場或(huo)天然集(ji)流場與人工(gong)(gong)攔(lan)截措施(shi)相結合;蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)形(xing)式(shi)北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)以窯、窖、旱井為主，南(nan)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)以水(shui)(shui)(shui)池、水(shui)(shui)(shui)窖、塘壩為主;節水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉的方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)座水(shui)(shui)(shui)種、點澆(jiao)、管道輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉、滲灌(guan)(guan)、噴灌(guan)(guan)及精細地(di)面(mian)(mian)灌(guan)(guan)等(deng)。普遍采用(yong)了綜(zong)合農業(ye)技(ji)術措施(shi)，有(you)(you)些地(di)區(qu)還開(kai)始(shi)發展(zhan)設施(shi)種植、養殖業(ye)。

由此可見，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)收集利(li)(li)(li)用解(jie)決了干旱缺(que)水(shui)山區的基本(ben)生存(cun)問題(ti)。集雨(yu)(yu)工程的建設有效地解(jie)決了缺(que)水(shui)地區分散農戶(hu)的人畜飲水(shui)問題(ti)和貧(pin)困農戶(hu)的溫飽問題(ti)。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)收集利(li)(li)(li)用為農村產業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調整、農民(min)增收和山區經濟(ji)發(fa)展創造了有利(li)(li)(li)條件。雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)集蓄利(li)(li)(li)用工程的實施，使當地農業(ye)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)從傳統、單(dan)一的糧食(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)糧、果(guo)、菜(cai)、花(hua)等綜合發(fa)展單(dan)一的種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)，向(xiang)農、林、牧、副、漁(yu)業(ye)全面發(fa)展。

海綿城市雨水收集系統：山東萬晨環保設備有限公司